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This document provides a detailed analysis of the major feature evolution in Ceph from Nautilus (v14) to the latest Squid (v19) versions, offering guidance for selecting appropriate versions and developing upgrade strategies. (Organized with LLM assistance) Version Overview Version Codename Release Date Lifecycle Status v14.2.x Nautilus 2019 EOL v15.2.x Octopus 2020 EOL v16.2.x Pacific 2021 EOL v17.2.x Quincy 2022 EOL v18.2.x Reef 2023 Stable Maintenance v19.2.x Squid 2024 Current Stable Version Feature Comparison Summary Maturity-Driven Version Selection Guide Feature Nautilus Octopus Pacific Quincy Reef Squid Deployment Method ceph-deploy cephadm introduced cephadm cephadm mature cephadm cephadm Storage Engine BlueStore BlueStore BlueStore BlueStore FileStore removed BlueStore optimized Configuration Management Centralized introduced Centralized Centralized Centralized Centralized Centralized Network Protocol msgr2 introduced msgr2 stable msgr2 msgr2 msgr2 msgr2 PG Management autoscale introduced autoscale autoscale autoscale autoscale autoscale Scheduler Traditional Improved mclock introduced mclock default mclock mclock optimized CephFS Multi-FS First support Feature enhanced Mirroring perfected Management optimized Management optimized Dashboard integrated Multi-site Basic RBD mirroring CephFS mirroring Perfected Enhanced Enhanced Dashboard Basic Improved Improved Improved Refactored Refactored Containerization None cephadm preview cephadm mature cephadm complete cephadm cephadm Feature Maturity Marking Legend Bold text: Important milestones for features in this version (first introduction/stability achieved/major improvements) Normal text: Features remain stable or have minor improvements in this version Italic text: Features are deprecated or being prepared for removal in this version Feature-Driven Version Selection Guide Required Feature Minimum Version Stable Recommended Version Notes Centralized Configuration Management Nautilus Octopus+ Basic functionality available, upgrade recommended for stability PG autoscaling Nautilus Pacific+ Production environments recommend manual control msgr2 Security Protocol Nautilus Octopus+ Recommended for new deployments cephadm Container Management Octopus Pacific+ Tech preview → production ready CephFS Multi-filesystem Nautilus Pacific+ Basic support → production ready CephFS Mirroring/DR Octopus Pacific+ Feature introduction → production stable mclock QoS Scheduling Pacific Quincy+ Introduction → default enabled Full Containerized Deployment Pacific Quincy+ Basic support → complete ecosystem Advanced Dashboard Reef Squid+ Refactored → complete FileStore Replacement Any version Reef+ FileStore support removed after Reef Feature First Introduction and Maturity Analysis Important Feature Lifecycle Timeline This section details the first introduction version, stable version, and recommended production environment adoption timing for key features, helping users make informed version choices.

Ceph 各版本特性对比与演进分析 本文档详细分析了Ceph从Nautilus (v14)到最新Squid (v19)版本的主要特性演进，为选择合适版本和

Ceph Monitor Architecture Analysis Monitor Overall Architecture Overview Core Functional Positioning Ceph Monitor serves as the control plane of the cluster, primarily responsible for the following core duties: Cluster Map Maintenance: Managing key mapping information including MonitorMap, OSDMap, CRUSHMap, MDSMap, PGMap, etc. Status Monitoring & Health Checks: Real-time monitoring of cluster status and generating health reports Distributed Consistency Guarantee: Ensuring cluster metadata consistency across all nodes based on Paxos algorithm Authentication & Authorization: Managing CephX authentication system and user permissions Election & Arbitration: Maintaining Monitor quorum and handling failure recovery Monitor Architecture Diagram 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 graph TB subgraph "Ceph Monitor Core Architecture" A[Monitor Daemon] --> B[MonitorStore] A --> C[Paxos Engine] A --> D[Election Module] A --> E[Health Module] A --> F[Config Module] A --> G[Auth Module] B --> B1[ClusterMap Storage] B --> B2[Configuration DB] B --> B3[Transaction Log] C --> C1[Proposal Processing] C --> C2[Leader Election] C --> C3[Consensus Coordination] D --> D1[Connectivity Strategy] D --> D2[Quorum Management] D --> D3[Split-brain Prevention] E --> E1[Health Checks] E --> E2[Status Reporting] E --> E3[Alert Generation] F --> F1[Config Key-Value Store] F --> F2[Runtime Configuration] F --> F3[Config Distribution] G --> G1[CephX Authentication] G --> G2[User Management] G --> G3[Capability Control] end subgraph "External Interactions" H[OSD Daemons] --> A I[MDS Daemons] --> A J[Client Applications] --> A K[Admin Tools] --> A L[Dashboard/Grafana] --> A end Monitor Core Submodule Analysis MonitorStore Storage Engine Functional Overview: MonitorStore is the persistent storage engine of Monitor, implemented based on RocksDB, responsible for storing all critical cluster metadata.

MDS System Architecture Overview Ceph MDS is the core component of CephFS (Ceph File System), responsible for handling all file system metadata operations. MDS adopts a distributed, scalable architecture that supports multi-active MDS and dynamic load balancing. MDS Position in Ceph Ecosystem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 graph TB Client[CephFS Client] --> MDS[MDS Cluster] MDS --> RADOS[RADOS Storage Layer] MDS --> Mon[Monitor Cluster] subgraph "MDS In Ceph" subgraph "Client Layer" Client Fuse[FUSE Client] Kernel[Kernel Client] end subgraph "Metadata Layer" MDS MDSStandby[Standby MDS] MDSActive[Active MDS] end subgraph "Storage Layer" RADOS OSD[OSD Cluster] Pool[Metadata Pool] end subgraph "Management Layer" Mon Mgr[Manager] end end Client -.